The prepuce, circumcision, and disease
Hygiene and prevention of disease are among the commonest reasons cited for performing male circumcision. This directory contains references that examine the validity of these claims in detail.
Disease
Urinary tract infection
Sexually transmitted diseases (except HIV)
HIV infection
Balanitis (inflammation of the glans)
[Note: Information about BXO (Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans) is here.]Penile cancer and cervical cancer
General commentary
(Bollgren I, Winberg J. Letter to the editor. Acta Paed. Scand. 1991, 80: 575-7)
Hygiene
Penile hygiene for intact (non-circumcised) males
- American Academy of Pediatrics. "Newborns: Care of the uncircumcised penis."
- Joyce Wright, MD. How smegma serves the penis.
- How the animal kingdom would probably cease to exist without smegma. (compiled by John A. Erickson; offsite link)
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