Incidence of Non-therapeutic Male Neonatal Circumcision in Selected States

This file contains data on the incidence of circumcision in twenty-seven states through 2004. These data are provided by the Health Care Utilization Project (HCUP) of the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Partial data is provided for twenty-seven states for eight years through 2004.

These data have been collected, sorted, and tabulated by Hugh O'Donnell into several categories, including type of insurance and by race.

Circumcision data for some (but not all) states is available from the HCUPnet site.

Of the 27 states for which there is data, there is data for the 8 years from 1997 to 2004 inclusive for 13 states, data for the 4 years from 2001 to 2004 for a further 8 states, and data for shorter periods for the remaining 6 states.

Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%)
=======================================

Overall
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          67
Arizona           25    26    39    41    39    38    39    35
California        21    22    21    22    22    23    23    22
Colorado          63    63    63    63    65    66    68    69
Florida           39    44    47    47    48    49    50    48
Hawaii            82    83    83    84    83    84    85    86
Iowa              82    81    82    82    83    83    83    84
Kentucky          85    84    84    85
Maine                   72    71    71
Massachusetts     67    67    67    66    67    67    70    70
Michigan          85    85    85    85
Minnesota         77    74    73    73
Missouri          78    79    83    84
Nebraska          81    81    81
Nevada            14    15    17
New Hampshire     76    75
New Jersey        67    68    69    69    71    72    74    74
New York          59    60    60    59    59    60    62    62
North Carolina    58    61    74    75    77
Oregon            30    31    34    35    37    38    41    40
Rhode Island      74    72    74
South Carolina    83    85    85    86    86    87    88    88
Utah              53    62    68    68    70    70    70    69
Vermont           68    72    73    71
Washington        26    26    27    28    29    29    31    33
West Virginia     83    79    84    85
Wisconsin         83    84    84    84


Medicaid
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          63
Arizona*           3     4    20    25    21    24    23    14
California*        4     4     5     5     5     5     5     5
Colorado          49    48    47    50    49    51    56    55
Florida*          21    29    36    35    35    37    37    37
Hawaii            78    82    80    82    82    82    84    87
Iowa              79    78    80    78    80    79    84    82
Kentucky          82    80    79    79
Maine*                  71    70    70
Massachusetts     56    56    56    56    56    57    62    61
Michigan          83    84    83    83
Minnesota         69    69    67    68
Missouri*         70    70    76    81
Nebraska          73    74    76
Nevada*            9     9    12
New Hampshire     75    74
New Jersey        55    56    57    60    60    64    63    65
New York          48    49    48    46    46    46    49    49
North Carolina*   40    43    67    68    73
Oregon*           10    12    14    16    19    20    21    21
Rhode Island      63    60    61
South Carolina    81    84    84    85    85    85    87    88
Utah*             24    40    54    54    49    49    52    57
Vermont           72    75    75    73
Washington*       15    16    12    20    12    12    14    15
West Virginia     82    76    84    83
Wisconsin         79    80    80    80

* Medicaid currently does not cover non-therapeutic circumcision


Private Insurance
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          75
Arizona           44    42    61    58    57    53    54    45
California        38    37    36    36    36    36    37    37
Colorado          73    73    73    72    73    73    75    76
Florida           61    62    61    61    61    61    62    61
Hawaii            85    85    85    85    84    86    86    87
Iowa              84    84    85    86    86    86    85    87
Kentucky          90    88    88    89
Maine                   73    70    72
Massachusetts     72    72    71    71    71    71    74    74
Michigan          86    86    87    87
Minnesota         81    74    74    73
Missouri          88    89    90    88
Nebraska          86    84    84
Nevada            18    19    20
New Hampshire     77    76
New Jersey        73    73    74    74    75    75    77    76
New York          68    68    69    67    68    69    71    72
North Carolina    81    81    83    84    82
Oregon            48    47    49    48    50    51    54    52
Rhode Island      82    81    82
South Carolina    88    88    89    89    90    90    90    90
Utah              72    74    74    75    76    76    75    74
Vermont           64    70    72    71
Washington        35    37    40    34    41    39    41    44
West Virginia     85    82    85    87
Wisconsin         87    87    87    87


White
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          73
Arizona           43    44    59    59    58    55    57    52
California        36    37    37    37    37    37    37    37
Colorado          77    76    76    74    75    75    76    75
Florida           53    58    61    61    62    61    61    59
Hawaii            77    78    76    80    78    79    80    79
Iowa              84    84    85    84    85    85    85    85
Kentucky
Maine
Massachusetts     76    75    76    74    75    75    78    77
Michigan          88    88    89    88
Minnesota
Missouri          80    81    85    86
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire     78    77
New Jersey        76    77    77    77    79    78    81    79
New York          69    70    71    70    71    71    72    73
North Carolina    71    72    83    85    83
Oregon
Rhode Island      81    80    84
South Carolina    89    90    90    90    90    89    90    90
Utah              46    66    75    76    73    76    81    63
Vermont           68    72    73    73
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin         89    90    90    89


Black
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          70
Arizona           21    24    45    46    43    45    41    30
California        25    24    25    25    25    27    26    25
Colorado          82    80    79    76    79    83    79    67
Florida           29    38    44    44    43    43    44    40
Hawaii
Iowa              87    79    86    86    87    77    82    82
Kentucky
Maine
Massachusetts     79    79    73    73    69    71    74    71
Michigan          90    89    89    89
Minnesota
Missouri          86    86    87    87
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey        84    84    83    82    82    82    83    80
New York          73    71    69    65    65    65    69    67
North Carolina    54    55    83    82    83
Oregon
Rhode Island      81    79    78
South Carolina    88    90    89    89    89    88    89    89
Utah
Vermont
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin         93    92    91    89


Hispanic
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          17
Arizona            7     7    14    16     6    14    15    13
California         8     8     8     8     9     9     9     8
Colorado          35    32    33    32    33    36    41    41
Florida           19    21    22    21    21    22    24    23
Hawaii            64    54    68    69    65    67    67    60
Iowa
Kentucky
Maine
Massachusetts     32    31    30    30    28    30    32    31
Michigan          40    44    42    43
Minnesota
Missouri          31    37    33    40
Nebraska          26
Nevada
New Hampshire     37    41
New Jersey        41    41    47    43    45    46    48    53
New York          33    32    31    31    30    31    34    35
North Carolina
Oregon
Rhode Island      39    35    33
South Carolina    60    60    64    67    69    76    71    76
Utah                    15    18    20    11
Vermont
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin         37    42    42    43


Asian/Pacific Islander
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          39
Arizona           33    28    36    38    13    37    37    37
California        28    28    27    27    27    27    29    28
Colorado          49    48    44    42    46    45    48    52
Florida           41    42    43    44    44    62    47    42
Hawaii            83    85    85    85    84    86    87    89
Iowa              45    46    37    36    44    39    35    46
Kentucky
Maine
Massachusetts     31    34    30    32    32    30    36    38
Michigan          50    46    48    49
Minnesota
Missouri          58    57    60    67
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire     50    44
New Jersey        51    54    54    53    56    55    59    65
New York          40    39    40    38    40    39    45    45
North Carolina    25    22    25    23    27
Oregon
Rhode Island      50    41    41
South Carolina    55    61    61    59    54    59    64    59
Utah              29    46
Vermont
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin         25    24    24    20


Native American
---------------------------------------------------------------
State            2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arizona            5     7    13    21     7    14    18    12
California        19    21    21    23    19    17    19    19
Florida           26    45    39    43    45    66    42    44
Iowa              85
Massachusetts                                   57    60    54
Michigan          71    67    71    72
New Jersey        36    41    37    35    37    42    43    47
New York          54    55    52    54    47    49    53    55
North Carolina    65    55    77    79    80
Wisconsin         81    88    84    90



Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%) in 2004
===============================================

State             All   M'aid  Priv.  White  Black  Hisp.  A/PI  Amer
--------------   -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  ----  ----
Arkansas          67     63     75     73     70     17     39       
Arizona           25      3     44     43     21      7     33     5 
California        21      4     38     36     25      8     28    19
Colorado          63     49     73     77     82     35     49       
Florida           39     21     61     53     29     19     41    26 
Hawaii            82     78     85     77            64     83       
Iowa              82     79     84     84     87            45    85 
Kentucky          85     82     90                       
Maine [2003]      72     71     73                       
Massachusetts     67     56     72     76     79     32     31       
Michigan          85     83     86     88     90     40     50    71 
Minnesota         77     69     81                       
Missouri          78     70     88     80     86     31     58       
Nebraska          81     73     86                   26
Nevada            14      9     18                       
New Hampshire     76     75     77     78            37     50       
New Jersey        67     55     73     76     84     41     51    36 
New York          59     48     68     69     73     33     40    54 
North Carolina    58     40     81     71     54            25    65 
Oregon            30     10     48                       
Rhode Island      74     63     82     81     81     39     50       
South Carolina    83     81     88     89     88     60     55       
Utah              53     24     72     46                   29       
Vermont           68     72     64     68                            
Washington        26     15     35                       
West Virginia     83     82     85                       
Wisconsin         83     79     87     89     93     37     25    81 



Trends in inpatient infant circumcision rates
=============================================

Overall rates
-------------
The overall rate rose between the earliest year for which data is
available and 2004 (2003 for Maine) in 4 states and fell in 22
states (there was only data for one year in Arkansas). The largest
rise was 4% in Minnesota, from 73% to 77%, and the rate fell by
more than that in 12 states. The largest falls were 19% in North
Carolina (in a period of only 4 years), 16% in Utah and 10% in
Arizona.

Although states in which the rate fell outnumbered states in which
the rate rose by a ratio of 5.5 to 1, and some of the falls were
large, it is nevertheless more accurate to characterise the trend
as fairly stable. Of the 125 year on year comparisons which can be
made, the overall rate rose by 1% or more in 13 cases, fell by 1%
or more in 42 and changed by less than 1% in 70 (56%).


Average rates (%)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Overall
 13 states (97-04)[1]   42    44    45    45    45    46    48    47
  8 states (01-04)[2]   77    77    81    81
 21 states (01-04)      51    52    54    54

 27 states (97-04)*     51    52    54    54    47    46    48    47

Medicaid
 13 states (97-04)      25    27    28    29    27    29    31    30
  8 states (01-04)      68    69    76    77
 21 states (01-04)      35    36    39    39

 27 states (97-04)*     36    37    39    40    31    29    31    30

Private 
 13 states (97-04)      57    57    58    57    57    58    59    59
  8 states (01-04)      85    84    85    85
 21 states (01-04)      64    64    64    64

 27 states (97-04)*     64    64    64    64    58    58    59    59

White
 11 states (97-04)[3]   58    60    62    61    60    61    63    61
  5 states (01-04)[4]   83    83    87    87
 16 states (01-04)      64    66    68    68

 19 states (97-04)[5]*  65    66    68    68    61    61    63    61

Black
  9 states (97-04)[6]   54    56    57    56    56    57    58    55
  4 states (01-04)[7]   80    79    87    86
 13 states (01-04)      60    62    65    63

 15 states (97-04)[8]*  60    62    65    63    58    57    58    55


[1] AZ, CA, CO, FL, HA, IA, MA, NJ, NY, OR, SC, UT, WA
[2] KY, MI, MN, MO, NC, VT, WV, WI
[3] AZ, CA, CO, FL, HA, IA, MA, NJ, NY, SC, UT
[4] MI, MO, NC, VT, WI
[5] [3] plus [4] plus AR, NH, RI
[6] AZ, CA, CO, FL, IA, MA, NJ, NY, SC
[7] MI, MO, NC, WI
[8] [6] plus [7] plus AR, RI

* These figures are the average for all states for which data is
  available for the year. Year on year comparisons of these figures
  are not reliable because the states included in the calculation
  differ from year to year. For example, the inclusion from 2001 on
  of 8 states with an average rate of 81% results in a large jump in
  the all states average between 2000 and 2001. For year on year
  comparisons of overall rates between 1997 and 2001 use the figures
  for 13 states and for comparisons between 2001 and 2004 use the
  figures for 21 states and similarly for category rates.


Relative change in circumcision rates of Black and White
========================================================

                    Initial* Rate                    2004 Rate
                 -------------------  Relative  -------------------
State            White  Black  Diff.   Change   White  Black  Diff.
--------------   -----  -----  -----  --------  -----  -----  -----
Arizona           52     30    -22        0      43     21    -22
California        37     25    -12        1      36     25    -11
Colorado          75     67     -8       13      77     82      5#
Florida           59     40    -19       -5      53     29    -24
Iowa              85     82     -3        6      84     87      3#
Massachusetts     77     71     -6        9      76     79      3#
Michigan          88     89      1        1      88     89     02
Missouri          86     87      1        5      80     86      6
New Jersey        79     80      1        7      76     84      8
New York          73     67     -6       10      69     73      4#
North Carolina    83     83      0      -17      71     54    -17
Rhode Island      84     78     -6        6      81     81      0#
South Carolina    83     89      6       -7      89     88     -1
Wisconsin         89     89      0        4      89     93      4#

* Initial year 1997 for all states except NC (2000),
  MI, MO, WI (2001) and RI (2002)
  
# Black rate caught up with or overtook White rate

In the initial year, the Black rate exceeded the White rate in 4 of
14 states (by a margin of only 1% in 3 of them), and was lower in
8 states. Between the initial year and 2004, the Black rate rose
relative to the White rate in 10 of the 14 states so that by 2004
the Black rate exceeded the White rate in 8 states.


Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%) by state
================================================

Figures in parentheses are births in category as percentage of all
births in 2004.

Arkansas
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004
                       ----
All                     67
Payer
   Medicaid  (54%)      63
   Private   (33%)      75
Race/Ethn.
   White     (71%)      73
   Black     (18%)      70
   Hispanic  ( 7%)      17
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      39
   Other     ( 1%)      50
   Missing   ( 2%)      67


Arizona
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     25    26    39    41    39    38    39    35
Payer
   Medicaid  (44%)       3     4    20    25    21    24    23    14
   Private   (48%)      44    42    61    58    57    53    54    45
Race/Ethn.
   White     (43%)      43    44    59    59    58    55    57    52
   Black     ( 3%)      21    24    45    46    43    45    41    30
   Hispanic  (39%)       7     7    14    16    14    14    15    13
   Asian/PI  ( 2%)      33    28    36    38    30    37    37    37
   Native    ( 3%)       5     7    13    21    16    14    18    12
   Other     ( 3%)      20    24    40    44    30    27    28    14
   Missing   ( 7%)      26    32    44                            47


California
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     21    22    21    22    22    23    23    22
Payer
   Medicaid  (46%)       4     4     5     5     5     5     5     5
   Private   (50%)      38    37    36    36    36    36    37    37
Race/Ethn.
   White     (35%)      36    37    37    37    37    37    37    37
   Black     ( 5%)      25    24    25    25    25    27    26    25
   Hispanic  (46%)       8     8     8     8     9     9     9     8
   Asian/PI  (10%)      28    28    27    27    27    27    29    28
   Native    (<1%)      19    21    21    23    19    17    19    19
   Other     ( 3%)      25    27    25    26    27    26    25    25
   Missing   ( 1%)      31    31    26    30    27    34    34    35


Colorado
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     63    63    63    63    65    66    68    69
Payer
   Medicaid  (37%)      49    48    47    50    49    51    56    55
   Private   (57%)      73    73    73    72    73    73    75    76
Race/Ethn.
   White     (43%)      77    76    76    74    75    75    76    75
   Black     ( 2%)      82    80    79    76    79    83    79    67
   Hispanic  (18%)      35    32    33    32    33    36    41    41
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      49    48    44    42    46    45    48    52
   Other     ( 5%)      66    70    70    69    70    72    76    70
   Missing   (31%)      59    61    61    65    68    67    69    76


Florida
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     39    44    47    47    48    49    50    48
Payer
   Medicaid  (46%)      21    29    36    35    35    37    37    37
   Private   (45%)      61    62    61    61    61    61    62    61
Race/Ethn.
   White     (49%)      53    58    61    61    62    61    61    59
   Black     (21%)      29    38    44    44    43    43    44    40
   Hispanic  (23%)      19    21    22    21    21    22    24    23
   Asian/PI  ( 2%)      41    42    43    44    44    62    47    42
   Native    (<1%)      26    45    39    43    45    66    42    44
   Other     ( 4%)      32    36    39    37    38    37    37    38
   Missing   ( 1%)      39    48    47    49    52    64    69    66


Hawaii
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     82    83    83    84    83    84    85    86
Payer
   Medicaid  (39%)      78    82    80    82    82    82    84    87
   Private   (56%)      85    85    85    85    84    86    86    87
Race/Ethn.
   White     (23%)      77    78    76    80    78    79    80    79
   Hispanic  ( 2%)      64    54    68    69    65    67    67    60
   Asian/PI  (69%)      83    85    85    85    84    86    87    89
   Other                                                          87
   Missing   ( 6%)      89    91    86    87    90    86    95    95


Iowa
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     82    81    82    82    83    83    83    84
Payer
   Medicaid  (31%)      79    78    80    78    80    80    84    82
   Private   (62%)      84    84    85    86    86    86    85    87
Race/Ethn.
   White     (60%)      84    84    85    84    85    85    85    85
   Black     ( 3%)      87    80    86    85    87    78    82    82
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      45    46    37    36    44    39    35    46
   Native    (<1%)      85                                          
   Missing   (36%)      78    79    79    81    82    82    83    84


Kentucky
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     85    84    84    85
Payer
   Medicaid  (48%)      82    80    79    79
   Private   (40%)      90    88    88    89


Maine
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                           72    71    71
Payer
   Medicaid  (36%)            71    70    70
   Private   (56%)            73    70    72


Massachusetts
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     67    67    67    66    67    67    70    70
Payer
   Medicaid  (30%)      56    56    56    56    56    57    62    61
   Private   (69%)      72    72    71    71    71    71    74    74
Race/Ethn.
   White     (68%)      76    75    76    74    75    75    78    77
   Black     ( 7%)      79    79    73    73    69    71    74    71
   Hispanic  (11%)      32    31    30    30    28    30    32    31
   Asian/PI  ( 5%)      31    34    30    32    32    30    36    38
   Native                                             57    60    54
   Other     ( 4%)      48    46    46    48    45    46    48    50
   Missing   ( 4%)      64    65    66    63    63    58    63    69


Michigan
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     85    85    85    85
Payer
   Medicaid  (38%)      83    84    83    83
   Private   (59%)      86    86    87    87
Race/Ethn.
   White     (50%)      88    88    89    88
   Black     (15%)      90    89    89    89
   Hispanic  ( 3%)      40    44    42    43
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      50    46    48    49
   Native    (<1%)      71    67    71    72
   Other     ( 2%)      74    72    68    66
   Missing   (28%)      83    84    85    86


Minnesota
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     77    74    73    73
Payer
   Medicaid  (22%)      69    69    67    68
   Private   (46%)      81    74    74    73


Missouri
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     78    79    83    84
Payer
   Medicaid  (45%)      70    70    76    81
   Private   (49%)      88    89    90    88
Race/Ethn.
   White     (77%)      80    81    85    86
   Black     (14%)      86    86    87    87
   Hispanic  ( 3%)      31    37    33    40
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      58    57    60    67
   Other     ( 3%)      62    62    75    76
   Missing   ( 2%)      87    79    84    83


Nebraska
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002
                       ----  ----  ----
All                     81    81    81
Payer
   Medicaid  (37%)      73    74    76
   Private   (61%)      86    84    84
Race/Ethn.
   Hispanic  ( 3%)      26            
   Missing   (94%)      82            


Nevada
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002
                       ----  ----  ----
All                     14    15    17
Payer
   Medicaid  (33%)       9     9    12
   Private   (54%)      18    19    20


New Hampshire
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003
                       ----  ----
All                     76    75
Payer
   Medicaid  (25%)      75    74
   Private   (70%)      77    76
Race/Ethn.
   White     (89%)      78    77
   Hispanic  ( 2%)      37    41
   Asian/PI  ( 2%)      50    44
   Other     ( 2%)      59    65
   Missing   ( 4%)      69    69


New Jersey
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     67    68    69    69    71    72    74    74
Payer
   Medicaid  (18%)      55    56    57    60    60    64    63    65
   Private   (71%)      73    73    74    74    75    75    77    76
Race/Ethn.
   White     (49%)      76    77    77    77    79    78    81    79
   Black     (13%)      84    84    83    82    82    82    83    81
   Hispanic  (19%)      41    41    47    43    45    46    48    53
   Asian/PI  ( 4%)      51    54    54    53    56    55    59    65
   Native    (<1%)      36    41    37    35    37    42    43    47
   Other     (10%)      58    59    53    50    61    66    68    68
   Missing   ( 5%)      62    63    69    70    64    69    67    69


New York
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     59    60    60    59    59    60    62    62
Payer
   Medicaid  (45%)      48    49    48    46    46    46    49    49
   Private   (51%)      68    68    69    67    68    69    71    72
Race/Ethn.
   White     (48%)      69    70    71    70    71    71    72    73
   Black     (15%)      73    71    69    65    65    65    69    67
   Hispanic  (15%)      33    32    31    31    30    31    34    35
   Asian/PI  ( 6%)      40    39    40    38    40    39    45    45
   Native    (<1%)      54    55    52    54    47    49    53    55
   Other     (10%)      38    40    38    38    36    36    38    37
   Missing   ( 7%)      64    65    66    63    64    65    68    61


North Carolina
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     58    61    74    75    77
Payer
   Medicaid  (48%)      40    43    67    68    73
   Private   (44%)      81    81    83    84    82
Race/Ethn.
   White     (31%)      71    72    83    85    83
   Black     (10%)      54    55    83    82    83
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      25    22    25    23    27
   Native    ( 1%)      65    55    77    79    80
   Other     ( 8%)      18    17    23    28    35
   Missing   (49%)      58    65    75    75    78


Oregon
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     30    31    34    35    37    38    41    40
Payer
   Medicaid  (41%)      10    12    14    16    19    20    21    21
   Private   (51%)      48    47    49    48    50    51    54    52


Rhode Island
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002
                       ----  ----  ----
All                     74    72    74
Payer
   Medicaid  (40%)      63    60    61
   Private   (57%)      82    81    82
Race/Ethn.
   White     (71%)      81    80    84
   Black     ( 7%)      81    79    78
   Hispanic  ( 9%)      39    35    33
   Asian/PI  ( 3%)      50    41    41
   Other     ( 1%)            41    54
   Missing   ( 9%)      58    65    97


South Carolina
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     83    85    85    86    86    87    88    88
Payer
   Medicaid  (54%)      81    84    84    85    85    85    87    88
   Private   (37%)      88    88    89    89    90    90    90    90
Race/Ethn.
   White     (58%)      89    90    90    90    90    89    90    90
   Black     (33%)      88    90    89    89    89    88    89    89
   Hispanic  ( 2%)      60    60    64    67    69    76    71    76
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      55    61    61    59    54    59    64    59
   Other     ( 6%)      25    28    27    26    25    29    39    37


Utah
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     53    62    68    68    70    70    70    69
Payer
   Medicaid  (36%)      24    40    54    54    49    49    52    57
   Private   (60%)      72    74    74    75    76    76    75    74
Race/Ethn.
   White     (34%)      46    66    75    76    73    76    81    63
   Hispanic                   15    18    20    11
   Asian/PI  ( 1%)      29    46                                    
   Other     ( 1%)      40    59    49    49    69    45    46    41
   Missing   (64%)      58    65    69    70    71    70    68    70


Vermont
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     68    72    73    71
Payer
   Medicaid  (47%)      72    75    75    73
   Private   (51%)      64    70    72    71
Race/Ethn.
   White     (93%)      68    72    73    73
   Missing   ( 3%)      76    73    76


Washington
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                       ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     26    26    27    28    29    29    31    33
Payer
   Medicaid  (54%)      15    16    12    20    12    12    14    15
   Private   (37%)      35    37    40    34    41    39    41    44


West Virginia
--------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     83    79    84    85
Payer
   Medicaid  (46%)      82    76    84    83
   Private   (42%)      85    82    85    87


Wisconsin
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                       2004  2003  2002  2001
                       ----  ----  ----  ----
All                     83    84    84    84
Payer
   Medicaid  (33%)      79    80    80    80
   Private   (63%)      87    87    87    87
Race/Ethn.
   White     (73%)      89    90    90    89
   Black     ( 7%)      93    92    91    89
   Hispanic  ( 7%)      37    42    42    43
   Asian/PI  ( 2%)      25    24    24    20
   Native    ( 1%)      81    88    84    90
   Other     ( 2%)      67    60    63    65
   Missing   ( 7%)      81    75    75    76

Citation:

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