Incidence of Non-therapeutic Male Neonatal Circumcision in Selected States

This file contains data on the incidence of circumcision in twenty-seven states through 2005. These data are provided by the Health Care Utilization Project (External link HCUP) of the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (External link AHRQ) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Partial data is provided for twenty-seven states for eight years through 2004.

These data have been collected, sorted, and tabulated by Hugh O'Donnell into several categories, including type of insurance and by race.

Circumcision data for some (but not all) states is available from the External link HCUPnet site.

Data for 2005 for New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Wisconsin are now available. Compared with 2004, the overall rate of inpatient neonatal circumcision was unchanged in all four of these states.

US Infant Circumcision Rates in 2005 by State

Inpatient circumcision data for 2005 for 25 states accounting for about 52% of US births is now available from the HCUPnet site <External link http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/>. Of the 27 states for which inpatient statistics are published on the HCUPnet site, the only states for which statistics for 2005 have not been published are Florida and Maine.

There has been no significant change in the overall rate in any of the 25 states or in any category of newborn males by payer or race either within any state or overall between 2004 and 2005.

Insofar as it is possible to discern a trend, the trend is very slightly down. The rate is down by 1 to 2 percentage points in 9 states, unchanged in 16 states, and up in none. The overall rate in the 25 states is down by about half of one per cent.

Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%)
=======================================

Overall
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          66    67
Arizona           24    25    26    39    41    39    38    39    35
California        21    21    22    21    22    22    23    23    22
Colorado          63    63    63    63    63    65    66    68    69
Florida                 39    44    47    47    48    49    50    48
Hawaii            81    82    83    83    84    83    84    85    86
Iowa              82    82    81    82    82    83    83    83    84
Kentucky          84    85    84    84    85
Maine                         72    71    71
Massachusetts     67    67    67    67    66    67    67    70    70
Michigan          85    85    85    85    85
Minnesota         77    77    74    73    73
Missouri          77    78    79    83    84
Nebraska          79    81    81    81
Nevada            14    14    15    17
New Hampshire     76    76    75
New Jersey        66    67    68    69    69    71    72    74    74
New York          59    59    60    60    59    59    60    62    62
North Carolina    58    58    61    74    75    77
Oregon            28    30    31    34    35    37    38    41    40
Rhode Island      74    74    72    74
South Carolina    83    83    85    85    86    86    87    88    88
Utah              51    53    62    68    68    70    70    70    69
Vermont           66    68    72    73    71
Washington        24    26    26    27    28    29    29    31    33
West Virginia     82    83    79    84    85
Wisconsin         83    83    84    84    84


Medicaid
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          61    63
Arizona*           3     3     4    20    25    21    24    23    14
California*        4     4     4     5     5     5     5     5     5
Colorado          50    49    48    47    50    49    51    56    55
Florida*                21    29    36    35    35    37    37    37
Hawaii            78    78    82    80    82    82    82    84    87
Iowa              78    79    78    80    78    80    79    84    82
Kentucky          82    82    80    79    79
Maine*                        71    70    70
Massachusetts     57    56    56    56    56    56    57    62    61
Michigan          83    83    84    83    83
Minnesota         70    69    69    67    68
Missouri*         69    70    70    76    81
Nebraska          69    73    74    76
Nevada*            9     9     9    12
New Hampshire     76    75    74
New Jersey        54    55    56    57    60    60    64    63    65
New York          48    48    49    48    46    46    46    49    49
North Carolina*   41    40    43    67    68    73
Oregon*           10    10    12    14    16    19    20    21    21
Rhode Island      63    63    60    61
South Carolina    80    81    84    84    85    85    85    87    88
Utah*             20    24    40    54    54    49    49    52    57
Vermont           69    72    75    75    73
Washington*       14    15    16    12    20    12    12    14    15
West Virginia     80    82    76    84    83
Wisconsin         78    79    80    80    80

* Medicaid currently does not cover non-therapeutic circumcision

Private Insurance
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          75    75
Arizona           50    44    42    61    58    57    53    54    45
California        37    38    37    36    36    36    36    37    37
Colorado          73    73    73    73    72    73    73    75    76
Florida                 61    62    61    61    61    61    62    61
Hawaii            84    85    85    85    85    84    86    86    87
Iowa              85    84    84    85    86    86    86    85    87
Kentucky          89    90    88    88    89
Maine                         73    70    72
Massachusetts     72    72    72    71    71    71    71    74    74
Michigan          86    86    86    87    87
Minnesota         79    81    74    74    73
Missouri          87    88    89    90    88
Nebraska          84    86    84    84
Nevada            17    18    19    20
New Hampshire     77    77    76
New Jersey        73    73    73    74    74    75    75    77    76
New York          67    68    68    69    67    68    69    71    72
North Carolina    81    81    81    83    84    82
Oregon            45    48    47    49    48    50    51    54    52
Rhode Island      82    82    81    82
South Carolina    88    88    88    89    89    90    90    90    90
Utah              70    72    74    74    75    76    76    75    74
Vermont           64    64    70    72    71
Washington        34    35    37    40    34    41    39    41    44
West Virginia     84    85    82    85    87
Wisconsin         87    87    87    87    87


White
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          73    73
Arizona           41    43    44    59    59    58    55    57    52
California        36    36    37    37    37    37    37    37    37
Colorado          77    77    76    76    74    75    75    76    75
Florida                 53    58    61    61    62    61    61    59
Hawaii            72    77    78    76    80    78    79    80    79
Iowa              85    84    84    85    84    85    85    85    85
Maine
Massachusetts     76    76    75    76    74    75    75    78    77
Michigan          89    88    88    89    88
Missouri          78    80    81    85    86
New Hampshire     79    78    77
New Jersey        75    76    77    77    77    79    78    81    79
New York          68    69    70    71    70    71    71    72    73
North Carolina    73    71    72    83    85    83
Rhode Island      83    81    80    84
South Carolina    89    89    90    90    90    90    89    90    90
Utah              51    46    66    75    76    73    76    81    63
Vermont           67    68    72    73    73
Wisconsin         90    89    90    90    89


Black
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          66    70
Arizona           19    21    24    45    46    43    45    41    30
California        25    25    24    25    25    25    27    26    25
Colorado          82    82    80    79    76    79    83    79    67
Florida                 29    38    44    44    43    43    44    40
Iowa              83    87    79    86    86    87    77    82    82
Maine
Massachusetts     77    79    79    73    73    69    71    74    71
Michigan          90    90    89    89    89
Missouri          85    86    86    87    87
New Jersey        84    84    84    83    82    82    82    83    80
New York          73    73    71    69    65    65    65    69    67
North Carolina    63    54    55    83    82    83
Rhode Island      83    81    79    78
South Carolina    88    88    90    89    89    89    88    89    89
Wisconsin         90    93    92    91    89


Hispanic
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          17    17
Arizona            7     7     7    14    16     6    14    15    13
California         8     8     8     8     8     9     9     9     8
Colorado          35    35    32    33    32    33    36    41    41
Florida                 19    21    22    21    21    22    24    23
Hawaii            66    64    54    68    69    65    67    67    60
Maine
Massachusetts     33    32    31    30    30    28    30    32    31
Michigan          40    40    44    42    43
Missouri          28    31    37    33    40
Nebraska          26    26
New Hampshire     39    37    41
New Jersey        42    41    41    47    43    45    46    48    53
New York          32    33    32    31    31    30    31    34    35
Rhode Island      36    39    35    33
South Carolina    66    60    60    64    67    69    76    71    76
Utah               8          15    18    20    11
Wisconsin         37    37    42    42    43


Asian/Pacific Islander
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arkansas          48    39
Arizona           32    33    28    36    38    13    37    37    37
California        27    28    28    27    27    27    27    29    28
Colorado          50    49    48    44    42    46    45    48    52
Florida           41    42    43    44    44    62    47    42
Hawaii            84    83    85    85    85    84    86    87    89
Iowa              43    45    46    37    36    44    39    35    46
Maine
Massachusetts     36    31    34    30    32    32    30    36    38
Michigan          47    50    46    48    49
Missouri          58    58    57    60    67
New Jersey        49    51    54    54    53    56    55    59    65
New York          38    40    39    40    38    40    39    45    45
North Carolina    36    25    22    25    23    27
Rhode Island      45    50    41    41
South Carolina    59    55    61    61    59    54    59    64    59
Utah              30    29    46
Wisconsin         25    25    24    24    20


Native American
---------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
--------------   ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
Arizona            5     5     7    13    21     7    14    18    12
California        19    19    21    21    23    19    17    19    19
Florida                 26    45    39    43    45    66    42    44
Michigan          69    71    67    71    72
New Jersey        29    36    41    37    35    37    42    43    47
New York          52    54    55    52    54    47    49    53    55
North Carolina    77    65    55    77    79    80
Wisconsin         92    81    88    84    90



Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%) in 2005
===============================================

State             All   M'aid  Priv.  White  Black  Hisp.  A/PI  Amer
--------------   -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  ----  ----
Arkansas          66     61     75     73     66     17     48       
Arizona           24      3     50     41     19      7     32     5 
California        21      4     37     36     25      8     27    19 
Colorado          63     50     73     77     82     35     50       
Hawaii            81     78     84     72            66     84       
Iowa              82     78     85     85     83            43       
Kentucky          84     82     89                                   
Massachusetts     67     57     72     76     77     33     36       
Michigan          85     83     86     89     90     40     47    69 
Minnesota         77     70     79                                   
Missouri          77     69     87     78     85     28     58       
Nebraska          79     69     84                   26              
Nevada            14      9     17                      
New Hampshire     76     76     77     79            39     38       
New Jersey        66     54     73     75     84     42     49    29 
New York          59     48     67     68     73     32     38    52 
North Carolina    58     41     81     73     63            36    77 
Oregon            28     10     45
Rhode Island      74     63     82     83     83     36     45       
South Carolina    83     80     88     89     88     66     59       
Utah              51     20     70     51             8     30       
Vermont           66     69     64     67                            
Washington        24     14     34                                   
West Virginia     82     80     84                                   
Wisconsin         83     78     87     90     90     37     25    92 


Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%) by state
================================================

Figures in parentheses are births in category as percentage of all
births in 2005.

Arkansas
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004
                 ----  ----
All               66   67
Payer
  Medicaid (58%)  61   63
  Private  (31%)  75   75
Race/Ethn.
  White    (70%)  73   73
  Black    (18%)  66   70
  Hispanic ( 9%)  17   17
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  48   39
  Other    ( 1%)  56   50
  Missing  ( 1%)  72   67


Arizona
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               24    25    26    39    41    39    38    39    35
Payer
  Medicaid (52%)   3     3     4    20    25    21    24    23    14
  Private  (40%)  50    44    42    61    58    57    53    54    45
Race/Ethn.
  White    (45%)  41    43    44    59    59    58    55    57    52
  Black    ( 3%)  19    21    24    45    46    43    45    41    30
  Hispanic (41%)   7     7     7    14    16    14    14    15    13
  Asian/PI ( 3%)  32    33    28    36    38    30    37    37    37
  Native   ( 3%)   5     5     7    13    21    16    14    18    12
  Other    ( 2%)  24    20    24    40    44    30    27    28    14
  Missing  ( 3%)  26    26    32    44                            47


California
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               21    21    22    21    22    22    23    23    22
Payer
  Medicaid (47%)   4     4     4     5     5     5     5     5     5
  Private  (49%)  37    38    37    36    36    36    36    37    37
Race/Ethn.
  White    (33%)  36    36    37    37    37    37    37    37    37
  Black    ( 5%)  25    25    24    25    25    25    27    26    25
  Hispanic (47%)   8     8     8     8     8     9     9     9     8
  Asian/PI (10%)  27    28    28    27    27    27    27    29    28
  Native   (<1%)  19    19    21    21    23    19    17    19    19
  Other    ( 4%)  25    25    27    25    26    27    26    25    25
  Missing  ( 1%)  31    31    31    26    30    27    34    34    35


Colorado
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               63    63    63    63    63    65    66    68    69
Payer
  Medicaid (34%)  50    49    48    47    50    49    51    56    55
  Private  (57%)  73    73    73    73    72    73    73    75    76
Race/Ethn.
  White    (40%)  77    77    76    76    74    75    75    76    75
  Black    ( 2%)  82    82    80    79    76    79    83    79    67
  Hispanic (17%)  35    35    32    33    32    33    36    41    41
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  50    49    48    44    42    46    45    48    52
  Other    ( 3%)  66    66    70    70    69    70    72    76    70
  Missing  (36%)  61    59    61    61    65    68    67    69    76


Hawaii
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               81    82    83    83    84    83    84    85    86
Payer
  Medicaid (39%)  78    78    82    80    82    82    82    84    87
  Private  (56%)  84    85    85    85    85    84    86    86    87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (15%)  72    77    78    76    80    78    79    80    79
  Hispanic ( 2%)  66    64    54    68    69    65    67    67    60
  Asian/PI (65%)  84    83    85    85    85    84    86    87    89
  Other    (12%)  78                                              87
  Missing  ( 6%)  87    89    91    86    87    90    86    95    95


Iowa
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               82    82    81    82    82    83    83    83    84
Payer
  Medicaid (34%)  78    79    78    80    78    80    80    84    82
  Private  (59%)  85    84    84    85    86    86    86    85    87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (60%)  85    84    84    85    84    85    85    85    85
  Black    ( 3%)  83    87    80    86    85    87    78    82    82
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  43    45    46    37    36    44    39    35    46
  Native   (<1%)  71    85                                          
  Missing  (36%)  78    78    79    79    81    82    82    83    84


Kentucky
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               84    85    84    84    85
Payer
  Medicaid (50%)  82    82    80    79    79
  Private  (39%)  89    90    88    88    89


Massachusetts
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               67    67    67    67    66    67    67    70    70
ayer
  Medicaid (33%)  57    56    56    56    56    56    57    62    61
  Private  (66%)  72    72    72    71    71    71    71    74    74
Race/Ethn.
  White    (66%)  76    76    75    76    74    75    75    78    77
  Black    ( 7%)  77    79    79    73    73    69    71    74    71
  Hispanic (12%)  33    32    31    30    30    28    30    32    31
  Asian/PI ( 5%)  36    31    34    30    32    32    30    36    38
  Native                                              57    60    54
  Other    ( 5%)  51    48    46    46    48    45    46    48    50
  Missing  ( 5%)  65    64    65    66    63    63    58    63    69


Michigan
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               85    85    85    85    85
Payer
  Medicaid (39%)  83    83    84    83    83
  Private  (58%)  86    86    86    87    87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (50%)  89    88    88    89    88
  Black    (15%)  90    90    89    89    89
  Hispanic ( 3%)  40    40    44    42    43
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  47    50    46    48    49
  Native   (<1%)  69    71    67    71    72
  Other    ( 2%)  70    74    72    68    66
  Missing  (29%)  83    83    84    85    86


Minnesota
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               77    77    74    73    73
Payer
  Medicaid (19%)  70    69    69    67    68
  Private  (54%)  79    81    74    74    73


Missouri
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               77    78    79    83    84
Payer
  Medicaid (45%)  69    70    70    76    81
  Private  (48%)  87    88    89    90    88
Race/Ethn.
  White    (76%)  78    80    81    85    86
  Black    (14%)  85    86    86    87    87
  Hispanic ( 4%)  28    31    37    33    40
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  58    58    57    60    67
  Other    ( 3%)  59    62    62    75    76
  Missing  ( 2%)  88    87    79    84    83


Nebraska
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002
                 ----  ----  ----  ----
All               79    81    81    81
Payer
  Medicaid (38%)  69    73    74    76
  Private  (59%)  84    86    84    84
Race/Ethn.
  Hispanic ( 3%)  26    26            
  Missing  (93%)  80    82            


Nevada
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002
                 ----  ----  ----  ----
All               14    14    15    17
Payer
  Medicaid (32%)   9     9     9    12
  Private  (54%)  17    18    19    20


New Hampshire
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003
                 ----  ----  ----
All               76    76    75
Payer
  Medicaid (26%)  76    75    74
  Private  (68%)  77    77    76
Race/Ethn.
  White    (89%)  79    78    77
  Hispanic ( 2%)  39    37    41
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  38    50    44
  Other    ( 2%)  66    59    65
  Missing  ( 3%)  68    69    69


New Jersey
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               66    67    68    69    69    71    72    74    74
Payer
  Medicaid (20%)  54    55    56    57    60    60    64    63    65
  Private  (69%)  73    73    73    74    74    75    75    77    76
Race/Ethn.
  White    (53%)  75    76    77    77    77    79    78    81    79
  Black    (14%)  84    84    84    83    82    82    82    83    81
  Hispanic (18%)  42    41    41    47    43    45    46    48    53
  Asian/PI ( 6%)  49    51    54    54    53    56    55    59    65
  Native   (<1%)  29    36    41    37    35    37    42    43    47
  Other    ( 6%)  47    58    59    53    50    61    66    68    68
  Missing  ( 4%)  66    62    63    69    70    64    69    67    69


New York
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               59    59    60    60    59    59    60    62    62
Payer
  Medicaid (46%)  48    48    49    48    46    46    46    49    49
  Private  (49%)  67    68    68    69    67    68    69    71    72
Race/Ethn.
  White    (48%)  68    69    70    71    70    71    71    72    73
  Black    (15%)  73    73    71    69    65    65    65    69    67
  Hispanic (15%)  32    33    32    31    31    30    31    34    35
  Asian/PI ( 6%)  38    40    39    40    38    40    39    45    45
  Native   (<1%)  52    54    55    52    54    47    49    53    55
  Other    ( 9%)  39    38    40    38    38    36    36    38    37
  Missing  ( 7%)  63    64    65    66    63    64    65    68    61


North Carolna
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               58    58    61    74    75    77
Payer
  Medicaid (50%)  41    40    43    67    68    73
  Private  (42%)  81    81    81    83    84    82
Race/Ethn.
  White    (32%)  73    71    72    83    85    83
  Black    (10%)  63    54    55    83    82    83
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  36    25    22    25    23    27
  Native   ( 1%)  77    65    55    77    79    80
  Other    (10%)  17    18    17    23    28    35
  Missing  (46%)  56    58    65    75    75    78


Oregon
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               28    30    31    34    35    37    38    41    40
Payer
  Medicaid (43%)  10    10    12    14    16    19    20    21    21
  Private  (50%)  45    48    47    49    48    50    51    54    52


Rhode Island
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002
                 ----  ----  ----  ----
All               74    74    72    74
Payer
  Medicaid (42%)  63    63    60    61
  Private  (55%)  82    82    81    82
Race/Ethn.
  White    (67%)  83    81    80    84
  Black    ( 8%)  83    81    79    78
  Hispanic (10%)  36    39    35    33
  Asian/PI ( 3%)  45    50    41    41
  Other    ( 1%)              41    54
  Missing  (11%)  54    58    65    97


South Carolina
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               83    83    85    85    86    86    87    88    88
Payer
  Medicaid (54%)  80    81    84    84    85    85    85    87    88
  Private  (37%)  88    88    88    89    89    90    90    90    90
Race/Ethn.
  White    (56%)  89    89    90    90    90    90    89    90    90
  Black    (32%)  88    88    90    89    89    89    88    89    89
  Hispanic ( 3%)  66    60    60    64    67    69    76    71    76
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  59    55    61    61    59    54    59    64    59
  Other    ( 7%)  24    25    28    27    26    25    29    39    37


Utah
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               51    53    62    68    68    70    70    70    69
Payer
  Medicaid (36%)  20    24    40    54    54    49    49    52    57
  Private  (60%)  70    72    74    74    75    76    76    75    74
Race/Ethn.
  White    (28%)  51    46    66    75    76    73    76    81    63
  Hispanic ( 6%)   8          15    18    20    11                  
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  30    29    46                                    
  Other    (<1%)  33    40    59    49    49    69    45    46    41
  Missing  (64%)  56    58    65    69    70    71    70    68    70


Vermont
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               66    68    72    73    71
Payer
  Medicaid (46%)  69    72    75    75    73
  Private  (52%)  64    64    70    72    71
Race/Ethn.
  White    (92%)  67    68    72    73    73
  Missing  ( 4%)  61    76    73    76      


Washington
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001  2000  1999  1998  1997
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               24    26    26    27    28    29    29    31    33
Payer
  Medicaid (52%)  14    15    16    12    20    12    12    14    15
  Private  (37%)  34    35    37    40    34    41    39    41    44


West Virginia
--------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               82    83    79    84    85
Payer
  Medicaid (43%)  80    82    76    84    83
  Private  (42%)  84    85    82    85    87


Wisconsin
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2005  2004  2003  2002  2001
                 ----  ----  ----  ----  ----
All               83    83    84    84    84
Payer
  Medicaid (37%)  78    79    80    80    80
  Private  (59%)  87    87    87    87    87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (66%)  90    89    90    90    89
  Black    ( 7%)  90    93    92    91    89
  Hispanic ( 6%)  37    37    42    42    43
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  25    25    24    24    20
  Native   ( 1%)  92    81    88    84    90
  Other    ( 2%)  63    67    60    63    65
  Missing  (15%)  81    81    75    75    76

Citation:

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